There is no climate justice without migration justice / by Nick Cullen

_{^{Flooding in Thiruvananthapuram, India, in October 2023 | Photo credit: Navaneeth Krishnan S}}

The battle to tackle the climate crisis must also defend people’s right to move and their right to stay…

_{Reposted from red pepper}

July 2023 was the hottest month in 100,000 years, followed immediately by extreme floods and storms. In the UK and across the world, extreme weather, bad harvests and altered ecosystems are changing how and where we live. People have always moved, yet as the climate crisis worsens, and the impacts on people in marginalised communities become more severe, more people have to leave their homes.

Yet, rather than investing in policies that will benefit all of us, governments in the Global North increasingly view border controls, walls and surveillance as a way to control the impacts of the climate crisis. They spend billions propping up the border and surveillance industry that profits from the abuse of migrants.

The Transnational Institute finds that the world’s biggest emitters of greenhouse gases are spending, on average, 2.3 times as much on arming their borders as they are on climate finance. This figure is as high as 15 times as much for the worst offenders.

The UK has spent approximately $2.7 billion on border militarisation per year between 2013 and 2018, and just $977 million on climate financing for countries most affected by the crisis.

2023 saw a rise in state violence towards people on the move by those in positions of power in the UK. From a laundry list of horror comes the establishment of unsafe detention accommodation, eye-watering visa fee hikes which will tear families apart, to the recent passing of the Government’s inhumane Rwanda Bill.

British political leaders are using cruelty to line corporate pockets, to find scapegoats for their own policy failures and to pander to far-right nationalists. We cannot allow this. Whether people are in search of safety due to climate or conflict, or are on the move for stability or love, safe pathways should always be the answer.

Calls for action

Given the choice, most people hope to not have to leave their homes and communities, but the dangers of climate breakdown can leave no other choice. For example, when faced with drought, people in rural areas may need or want to move to find work to protect their incomes.

Some people will see migration as the best option for coping with climate impacts. Others will need to move simply to protect their lives and livelihoods. They should be able to do this safely and legally, without fear or intimidation.

The ability to move ensures that people are able to adapt to the changing environment around them. Migration must be part of the solution to the climate crisis.

At the same time, it is up to rich, polluting countries in the Global North to support countries and communities to mitigate against the crisis that they have typically done the least to cause. In this light, climate and migrant organisations are coming together internationally to campaign around two key principles: The right to stay – to defend communities from the impacts of climate breakdown – and the right to move safely and with dignity when staying isn’t possible.

These principles help to guide positive action on climate and migration in different national and international arenas. At the UN climate talks (COP28) that took place in Dubai during December 2023, national and international action on climate change had been in the spotlight.

Activists both at the negotiations and around the world are fighting for an immediate transition away from fossil fuels that is centred in justice for refugees, migrants, Indigenous and First Nations people.

In the UK, over 125 climate and migrant groups have called on the government to recognise how climate change is impacting people’s lives and work to protect them. Their open letter laid out a set of demands to parliamentary party leaders to ensure legal rights for people on the move; provide climate finance for adaptation and loss and damage to affected communities, and ensure the fair and equitable phase out of fossil fuels.

What was the impact at COP28?

As with every UN climate talk, much has been made of the agreement reached at the end of the event. Focus has predominantly been on the stated commitments to transition away from fossil fuels, and whether the agreement is sufficient.

In order to protect communities from the impacts of climate change, this must happen immediately. It must be done in a way that is fair, funded, and led by those responsible for the climate crisis. However, the agreement made no explicit mention of ‘phasing out fossil fuels’.

In fact, it encourages countries to burn more ‘transition fuels’ like natural gas, relying on unproven carbon capture technologies to offset the pollution. This indicates the overwhelming influence of over 2,400 fossil fuel lobbyists who attended the conference, as well as vested interests in Global North states to continue to profit from the status quo.

Furthermore, the agreement does nothing to provide meaningful financing to enable countries in the Global South to transition from fossil fuels, to adapt to the effects of climate breakdown nor cover the loss and damage caused. Commitments to the loss and damage fund currently cover less than 0.2 per cent of what is needed globally, with the UK pledging just £60m.

Additionally, little progress was made on climate and migration at COP28. Whilst there are other multilateral spaces where these issues are negotiated (eg. Platform on Disaster Displacement), the UN climate talks will have a role in financing relocation projects and compensating communities who have to move because of climate impacts.

Currently, International law provides incomplete and patchy protection for people moving due to the impacts of climate change. Many people crossing borders due to climate driven disasters will fall between the cracks of existing international legal frameworks.

Migration must not only be recognised as a positive tool for climate adaptation – with mechanisms for safe pathways made into international law – but also welcomed by countries, particularly in the Global North.

Building from the ground up

In the face of powerful lobbies, climate delay and crisis, climate justice and migrant justice movements are coming together to fight for a positive future. One centred on the right to stay and the right to move, supporting each other and building solidarity across movements.

In the UK, this means supporting groups that resist the hostile environment locally, protecting migrants of any kind from the rapid escalation of dehumanising rhetoric, policies and abuse.

We must stand together and make the case for migration as a positive tool for climate adaptation in national and international policy. This must be rooted in solidarity with those most impacted by racist border systems both here and globally.

There is no climate justice without migrant justice.

_{Nick Cullen is the Migrant Justice Coordinator at the Climate Justice Coalition}

COP28 UN climate gathering hijacked for fossil fuel agenda / by Blake Skylar

_{^{Sultan Al Jaber, the CEO of Abu Dhabi National Oil Co., speaks during the World Government Summit in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, Feb 14, 2023. | AP}}

_{Reposted from the People’s World}

This year, a united dream of a cleaner, cooler planet is being threatened by Big Oil and Gas. COP28, arguably the UN and the world’s most important environmental summit, has been “comprehensively captured by the fossil fuel lobby to serve its vested interests,” Amnesty International cautioned. Internal notes leaked by a whistleblower have vindicated their warning.

The 2023 UN Climate Change Conference is being held in Expo City, Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE) between Nov. 30th and Dec. 12th. An intergovernmental initiative to limit global temperature rises and curb the ramifications of climate change, this year’s summit is controversial enough given the UAE’s penchant for gas and oil expansion, but recent records have been exposed that prove the COP28 team plans to exploit the conference to further that very agenda.

COP28 President Al Jaber happens to also be CEO of the Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (ADNOC), which has recently conferred with many government and business leaders, aiming to use COP28 to ramp up ADNOC’s gas and oil exports.

The plans run utterly counterintuitive to the 2015 Paris Agreement, which is to reduce the earth’s warming to just 2.7 degrees Fahrenheit above pre-industrial age temperatures. To that end, greenhouse emissions would need to be capped before 2025 at the latest, and decline 43 percent by 2030.

Amidst the struggle to achieve this, there have been previous controversies at the hands of fossil fuel proponents, such as former Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro’s push in 2018 to double-count carbon credits, something that would have jeopardized the integrity and potential success of the agreement’s guidelines. What will be done in Dubai, however, makes that agenda pale in comparison.

Though it is not yet clear how many COP28 meetings Al Jaber has had with foreign governments, briefings uncovered by the Centre for Climate Reporting (CCR) – and seen by the BBC – indicate he discussed commercial interests with over 30 nations. An anonymous whistleblower for the CCR verified the authenticity of the plans, which Professor Michael Jacobs, a climate politics expert at Sheffield University, called, “breathtakingly hypocritical.”

“The UAE,” he remarked, “is the custodian of a United Nations process aimed at reducing global emissions. And yet, in the very same meetings where it’s apparently trying to pursue that goal, it’s actually trying to do side deals which will increase global emissions.”

Further meeting records and internal emails uncovered by the CCR show there is very little delineation between COP28 matters and the aims of ADNOC. COP28 team staffers have noted Al Jaber’s policy that talking points from ADNOC always be included in summit discussion.

Leaks contradict denials

The team has denied the allegations, but the leaks contradict such claims, as do discussion points from meetings with officials from Saudi Arabia, Senegal, and Venezuela, which attempt to justify the plans with ADNOC’s claim that “there is no conflict between sustainable development of natural resources and its commitment to climate change.”

Other countries involved in Al Jaber’s talking points include Mozambique, Canada, and Australia, which would see “liquified natural gas” opportunities evaluated. Colombia, meanwhile, would find ready support from ADNOC for its own fossil fuel developments, documents indicated. Talking points for other countries included China, Germany, and Egypt.

According to an editorial by Morning Star, a daily newspaper in Britain, these kinds of actions are “as predictable as they are symbolic. Predictable because why else would this despotic Gulf monarchy, whose huge wealth is entirely derived from its vast oil reserves, seek to host COP28 except to greenwash an economic model utterly dependent on continuing fossil fuel extraction?

“Symbolic because the UAE’s disgraceful conduct is not out of tune with the wider approach of Western governments which hand management of a ‘just transition’ to the very corporations that profit most from the status quo.”

Kaisa Kosonen, Greenpeace International policy coordinator, commented, “If the allegations are true, this is a real scandal. The climate summit leader should be focused on advancing climate solutions impartially, not backroom deals that are fueling the crisis. This is exactly the kind of conflict of interest we feared when the CEO of an oil company was appointed to the role. COP is an opportunity to secure our survival, not to strike business deals that fuel the crisis.”

An investigation in early November by Agence France-Presse (AFP) further uncovered an “energy transition narrative” drafted for the COP28 team by consulting firm McKinsey & Company; it outlines a reduction in oil use by only half over the next 25 years. “On average, 40-50 millions of barrels per day of oil are still expected to be utilized by 2050,” the uncovered document stated. The McKinsey energy scenario, said AFP, “reads as if it was written by the oil industry for the oil industry.”

A former consultant for the firm revealed to AFP that McKinsey “serves the world’s largest polluters,” putting it completely at odds with the mission of COP28. “The firm is best understood as possibly the most powerful oil and gas consulting firm on the planet posturing as a sustainability firm, advising polluting clients on any opportunity to preserve the status quo.”

Meanwhile, further documents were later attained by the CCR that are just as scandalous; they revealed that UAE bedfellow Saudi Arabia’s plans for an Oil Development Sustainability Programme (ODSP), which involved fossil fuel collaboration with African and Asian nations, as well. The CCR said: “The investigation obtained detailed information on plans to drive up the use of fossil fuel-powered cars, buses, and planes in Africa and elsewhere, as rich countries increasingly switch to clean energy.

Wants to accelerate supersonic air travel

“The ODSP plans to accelerate the development of supersonic air travel, which it notes uses three times more jet fuel than conventional planes, and partner with a carmaker to produce a cheap combustion engine vehicle. Further plans promote power ships, which use polluting heavy fuel oil or gas to provide electricity to coastal communities.”

Mohammed Adow, head of PowerShift Africa, remarked, “The Saudi government is like a drug dealer trying to get Africa hooked on its harmful product. The rest of the world is weaning itself off dirty and polluting fossil fuels and Saudi Arabia is getting desperate for more customers and is turning its sights on Africa. It’s repulsive.”

Germany’s foreign minister, Annalena Baerbock, leader of that country’s Green Party, stated that we must “actually take stock of what we have achieved and the targets we set ourselves. We have to get out of fossil fuels, we have to dramatically reduce emissions. It is no longer about visions. It is about finally delivering on the pledges we made.”

Bill McKibben, environmentalist and leader of 350.org, concluded, “It’s difficult to imagine anything more systemically evil than this spate of bids by the oil companies and oil countries to keep wrecking the planet; it’s akin to the way that tobacco companies, facing legal losses in the U.S., pivoted to expand their markets in Asia instead. But this time the second-hand smoke is going to kill us all.”

_{We hope you appreciated this article. At People’s World, we believe news and information should be free and accessible to all, but we need your help. Our journalism is free of corporate influence and paywalls because we are totally reader-supported. Only you, our readers and supporters, make this possible. If you enjoy reading People’s World and the stories we bring you, please support our work by donating or becoming a monthly sustainer today. Thank you!}

_{Blake Skylar is a writer and production manager, responsible for the daily assembly of the People’s World home page. He has earned awards from the IWPA and ILCA, and his articles have appeared in publications such as Workday Minnesota, EcoWatch, and Earth First News. He has covered issues including the BP oil spill in New Orleans and the 2015 U.N. Climate Conference in Paris.}

Earth’s Warning Systems Are Flashing Bright Red, But Leaders Refuse to Listen / by Farhana Haque Rahman

_{^{Crane Valley Hotshots set a back fire as the York fire burns in the Mojave National Preserve on July 30, 2023 | Photo by David Swanson/AFP via Getty Images}}

_{Reposted from Common Dreams}

Scientists warn the planet will cross the 1.5 degrees threshold this decade, much earlier than the IPCC fears. The trend is clear, and so are the actions needed.

Another year and another UN climate change conference. As our ‘world leaders’ prepare for two air-conditioned weeks of wrangling at COP28 in Dubai later this month, forgive us for sounding underwhelmed, despairing, and even cynical about these annual jamborees where actions rarely match promises.

Some context: 2023 is almost certain to be the hottest year for Earth for some 125,000 years, and it has already seen devastating storms, floods, extreme drought, and wildfires. September and October set shocking records for monthly global temperature highs.

Earth’s systems are flashing warning signals. Immense carbon sinks in peatlands and tropical wetlands show signs of morphing instead into sources of greenhouse gas emissions; the melting of Antarctic Sea ice has accelerated; the Arctic risks total loss of late summer sea ice in the next decade; drought and deforestation in the Amazon could turn rainforest to savannah.

This year’s Conference of the Parties (COP) comes mid-way between the landmark 2015 Paris Agreement and the 2030 interim target of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 45 percent from 2010 levels to reach net zero emissions by 2050 and thus keep global temperature increases within 1.5 degrees Celsius of pre-industrial levels.

But we are way off target. Based on national commitments made by governments worldwide, we are still heading towards a sizeable increase in emissions by 2030 compared to 2010.

A roadmap to accelerate climate action is desperately needed at COP28. But instead of phasing out fossil fuels – by far the major source of emissions – big and wealthy nations are, in the words of UN Secretary General António Guterres, “literally doubling down on fossil fuel production.”

In aggregate, according to the UN-led 2023 Production Gap Report, governments still plan to produce more than double the amount of fossil fuels in 2030 than would be consistent with limiting warming to 1.5 degrees C.

The report names the top 10 countries responsible for the largest carbon emissions from planned production: India for coal, Saudi Arabia for oil, and Russia for coal, oil, and gas. Major oil producers with big plans also include the US and Canada.

The United Arab Emirates is the host of COP28, due to start on November 30, and is presided over by Sultan Ahmed Al Jaber, UAE industry and advanced technology minister and group CEO of the Abu Dhabi National Oil Company.

Of course, producers would not produce without customers. China, the world’s largest emitter of greenhouse gases, approved the equivalent of two new large coal plants a week in 2022.

So, have we humans already pushed the planet to the point of no return, to a stage of cascading negative feedback loops already triggering a sixth mass extinction of species, the last being 65 million years ago when the dinosaurs were wiped out?

Perhaps not yet… quite… but maybe soon.

In the best judgment of the scientists on the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), in their Sixth Assessment Report published this year, the world has a “rapidly closing window of opportunity to secure a liveable and sustainable future for all…The choices and actions implemented in this decade will have impacts now and for thousands of years.”

They said the same thing last year, but few listened then. Will they now?

Cuts in emissions must be deep and immediate, which is the crux of COP28. As Guterres and many others have shouted from the rooftops, world leaders must agree in Dubai to phase out fossil fuels and shut their ears to the lobbyists who have enabled their petro-state masters to earn billions of dollars in profit this year alone.

As the IPCC scientists also bravely note, there is, thankfully, some climate action. The rate of increase in global greenhouse emissions has slowed and may be peaking; costs of solar and wind energy and batteries have tumbled; the deployment of renewable energy has risen faster than expected; the rate of deforestation has decreased.

IPCC Chair Hoesung Lee did remind everyone last April: “We have the tools and know-how required to limit warming.”

The International Energy Agency’s latest World Energy Outlook 2023 also has some encouraging elements. An analysis of the IEA data by UK-based Carbon Brief suggests that global CO2 emissions from energy use and industry could peak as soon as this year. This is due in part to the worldwide energy crisis triggered by Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. China’s slowing economic growth also helps.

Fossil fuel peaks are driven by the “unstoppable” growth of low-carbon technologies, but renewable energy capacity targets will be tripled by 2030, the IEA says. This has to be a key outcome of COP28, an element that China should approve of, given its dominance worldwide in this sector.

It is sad but also just that COP28 may, in the end, be best remembered for the man who will not be there.

Prof Saleemul Huq, Bangladeshi scientist and climate justice activist, died on October 28, aged 71. A man who constantly raised the great moral questions over the unequal sufferings inflicted by the climate crisis, Huq was seen as the champion of the “loss and damage” fund, which was agreed in principle at COP27 in Egypt but has yet to be implemented.

Recent preparatory talks made some progress, with developing countries conceding that the fund will be under the World Bank for an interim period. But the US still insists that contributions from wealthy nations historically responsible for the climate crisis be voluntary, while China insists on exemption given its “developing nation” status. COP28 must get this fund off the ground, and China, too, should stop playing geopolitics.

Named by Nature as one of the world’s top 10 scientists last year, Huq had penned an open letter to the UAE’s Al-Jaber urging him to pre-empt drawn-out debates by announcing the intended creation of the “Dubai Loss and Damage Fund.”

“As far as I am concerned, if all you can say at the end of COP28 is that ‘progress’ has been made on the issue of funding loss and damage, that will be the kiss of death,” Huq wrote, demanding urgent support for the “poorest and most vulnerable people on the planet,” citing by way of example the “over 2,000 climate displaced people” who arrive daily “by foot, cycle, boat and bus in Dhaka and disappear into the city slums.”

Another leftover pledge from COP26 in Glasgow was to double adaptation finance from 2019 levels by 2025. Provisions are dwarfed by needs. They are also dwarfed many times over by the subsidies given to fossil fuels, estimated by the IMF to reach $7 trillion globally last year.

Veteran scientists recently warned that Earth will cross the 1.5 degrees threshold this decade, much earlier than the IPCC fears on our current course. Either way, the trend is clear, and so are the actions needed. The world will judge harshly any failure at COP28 to redress climate injustice or declare a clear pathway to end the exploitation of fossil fuels.

_{Farhana Haque Rahman is Senior Vice President of IPS Inter Press Service and Executive Director IPS Noram; she served as the elected Director General of IPS from 2015-2019. A journalist and communications expert, she is a former senior official of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization and the International Fund for Agricultural Development.}

Climate Group Warns World Must Not Fall for Hydrogen ‘Hype’ / by Jessica Corbett

_{^{The inauguration of a hydrogen production plant at the Shell Energy and Chemicals Park Rheinland in Wesseling, Germany was held on July 2, 2021 | Photo: Andreas Rentz/Getty Images}}

_{Reposted from Common Dreams}

“Rather than betting on unproven and inefficient hydrogen technologies, we need rich countries to put their money towards a just energy transition,” said a Friends of the Earth campaigner.

Amid preparations for COP28, the United Nations climate summit kicking off next week, a leading green group warned Tuesday that “hydrogen is big polluters’ latest trick, and we can’t afford to fall for it.”

“Hydrogen is being promoted as a ‘clean’ alternative to the fossil fuels used for domestic heating, transport, and heavy industry,” explains the new Friend of the Earth International (FOEI) paper, Don’t Fall for the Hydrogen Hype, put out ahead of the global clilmate talks. “But it’s expensive to produce, inefficient, and far from a low-carbon solution. In fact, the majority of the global hydrogen supply is made from fossil fuels.”

An “energy carrier,” hydrogen stores and transports energy produced from resources such as biomass, fossil fuels, and water—but FOEI says industry promises of hydrogen’s potential should not be trusted.

“Hydrogen, just like the fossil fuels and other false climate solutions pushed by that same industry, further reinforces neocolonial patterns of extractivism and exploitation.”

The group’s paper begins by debunking the hydrogen “rainbow.” Citing the International Energy Agency, it states:

_{Globally, more than 62% of hydrogen production is derived from fossil gas (known as grey hydrogen, blue hydrogen when coupled with carbon capture and storage, or turquoise hydrogen when produced from methane pyrolysis). About 21% comes from coal and lignite (black/brown hydrogen), 16% is produced as a byproduct at refineries, 0.5% derived from oil, whilst only 0.1% is produced via water electrolysis (green from renewable electricity, purple/pink from nuclear)}.

While some groups support green hydrogen, critics including FOEI emphasize that along with being incredibly uncommon, it “demands huge amounts of cheap renewable electricity to function, rendering the process highly inefficient,” and “requires vast amounts of water, an increasingly rare and precious resource that shouldn’t be wasted.”

“Pushed by the same fossil industry that has caused—and continues to fuel—the climate crisis, hydrogen is yet another false solution, sold by the industry as a magical fix which allows business as usual to continue,” the paper asserts. “Like other false solutions, it represents a dangerous distraction from the urgent, deep, real emission cuts that are needed to address the climate crisis.”

Climate scientists and energy experts have long said that humanity must rapidly phase out fossil fuels to avoid the most catastrophic effects of heating the planet and meet the Paris agreement goal of limiting global temperature rise this century to 1.5°C. A U.N. analysis revealed Monday that currently implemented policies put the world on track for 3°C of warming by 2100.

The FOEI paper points out that in addition to propping up polluters by “justifying more fossil gas, hydrogen conveniently allows the fossil industry to push another one of its lifelines: carbon capture and storage,” an “unproven techno-fix” that global climate groups are also warning about in the lead-up to COP28 in the United Arab Emirates.

“It is unsurprising that hydrogen, just like the fossil fuels and other false climate solutions pushed by that same industry, further reinforces neocolonial patterns of extractivism and exploitation,” the publication continues, highlighting how the oil and gas sector “has shown time and again its disregard for communities and the environment, especially in the Global South.”

Yegeshni Moodley from Friends of the Earth South Africa/groundWork said in a statement that “in the Global South, ‘green hydrogen’ receives public money yet serves only private interests. As governments collude with corporations over mega-infrastructure projects, communities struggle to keep their ancestral lands and scant water resources intact.”

The paper notes that like other “false solutions” to the climate emergency—including geoengineering, offsets, and so-called nature-based solutions—on top of “disproportionate social and environmental costs, hydrogen also comes with a high financial cost.”

FOEI advocacy officer Lise Masson argued that “rather than betting on unproven and inefficient hydrogen technologies, we need rich countries to put their money towards a just energy transition, one that puts power in the hands of people, not corporations.”

Already, some governments are pouring money into hydrogen. U.S. President Joe Biden last month announced a “historic investment” of up to $7 billion for seven hubs across the United States, the nation that has historically contributed the most to human-caused global heating.

Meanwhile, in the European Union, “the gas lobby has succeeded in securing several pieces of legislation promoting hydrogen—including legislation that allows public funds to go to fossil gas infrastructure as long as it promises to be ‘hydrogen ready’ despite the fact that Europe already has more gas infrastructure than necessary,” FOEI detailed.

In Belgium, the European Commission, Hydrogen Europe, and the Clean Hydrogen Partnership are co-hosting European Hydrogen Week 2023—which activists with We Smell Gas disrupted with a protest involving fake green vomit on Tuesday.

“From Chile, to Namibia to South Africa, the story is the same. Communities are not being consulted on [hydrogen projects] destined for European consumption [with] the costs of false solutions violently outsourced,” We Smell Gas said on social media Tuesday. “Hydrogen imports are imperial greed painted green.”

“Our current energy system relies on appropriating space, resources, and cheap labor from racialized and working-class people inside and outside European borders,” the group continued. “For the profit of E.U. multinational and the economic dominance of Western states. [Hydrogen] at scale reproduces this system.”

The FOEI position paper stresses that “addressing the climate crisis can only come through deep systemic change, dismantling the neocolonial, patriarchal, neoliberal capitalist system that created the crisis, to build a more just and equitable world for all.”

_{Jessica Corbett is a senior editor and staff writer for Common Dreams.}